§= Timetables of History, ¨= Sources, ©= Past & Present, ª= history of ancient world

Timetables of History

By:  Macceau P. Medozile

 

Time Line

(CE)

Events

Political

Science, Social & Religious

0-100

·          Cymbeline, King of the Catuvellauni, recognized by Rome as “Rex Brittonum” (5-40) §

·          Han China [Dynasty] {the unification of China from 221 B.C. to A.D. 220} 22-220ª

·          Augustus D. succeeded as emperor by Tiberius (14-37).  Tiberius retires to Capri (26), living Rome in charge of Sejanus, prefect of the Praetorian Guard  §

·          Roman Invasion of Britain (43), British under caractacus defeated at Medway§

·          Claudius poisoned by his wife Agrippina and succeeded by her son Nero 54§

·          Ming-Ti, the new emperor of China introduces Buddhism 58§

·          Nero has his mother Agrippina killed 59  and three years later killed Octavia his wife to marry Poppaea Sabina§

·          Captivation & Destruction of Jerusalem when the Jews revolted against Rome 70

·          Titus became Emperor 79-81.  He was succeeded by Domitian 81-96, Nerva 96-98 and Trajan 98-116

 

·          Birth of Jesus Christ§

·          Baptism of Jesus Christ (by John ) in 27§

·          The sermon on the Mount 28-35 ¨

·          Crucifixion of Jesus ~ 30-33§

·          Foundation of London 43§

·          Saint Paul Set out his missionary travel 45§

·          The Romans learn the use of soap from the Gauls 50§

·          Secena resigns his position at Nero’s court 62 §

·          Saint Peter executed 67§

·          Saint Linus become second Pope 68

·          Pope Clement I 88-97 §

By the end of the first century, Roman politics was very perturbing with the ascension to power of a variety of emperors and a storm (diversity) of political and social patterns.

 

Time Line

(CE)

Events

Political

Science, Social & Religious

101-200

·          Period of the Antonine Emperors 96-180©

·          Suetonius wrote a biography of the 12 first Roman Emperors 121 ¨

·          Emperor Hadrian visited Britain 122-127 ©

·          Jewish rising under Bar Kokhba 122-135 §

·          Antoninus Pius succeeded Hadrian as Emperor 138-161

·          Marcus Aurelius Became Emperor 161-180

·          Romans defeated in Scotland, Retire of Hadrian’s Wall 180 §

·          Commodus Assassination 192 ª

·          Emperor Septimius Severus 193-211

·          “Coup d’Etat” of Albinus to become emperor.  He was killed though in 197 in battle of Lyons. §

·          Earliest known Sanskrit inscriptions in India 150 ¨

·          Pope Victor I 189-199§

·          The Neo-Platonism, the last of Greek philosophy §

·          The Bishop of Rome gains his predominance as Pope

·          The World oldest Maya monument

·          Galen Extracts plant juices for medicinal purposes 190§

·          The Great Plaque in the Roman Empire 164-180

The second century ended with the death of a lot of great Emperors and the supremacy or predominance of Huns and the Scotland Army.

 

Time Line

(CE)

Events

Political

Science, Social & Religious

201-300

·          Caracalla succeeded Emperor Septimius 211§

·          “Civis Romanus Sum!” Roman citizenship given to every freeborn subject in Empire 212

·          In 217 Caracalla was assassinated and succeeded by Heliogabalus as Emperor§

·          END of the Huns dynasty of China 220, followed by four centuries of division¨

·          Murder of Alexander Severus 235.  Three years later, he was succeeded by Emperor Maximinus.  As he was assissinated by his own troops, Emperor Maximinus was succeeded by Gordia I & II, Balbinus, Punienus and Gordian III 244§

·          Chain of Emperors: Philip the Arabian 244-249, Decius 249-251, Gallus 251-253, Valerian 253-260 and his son Gallienus 260-268ª

·          Invasions: Black Sea by the Goths 257, Spain by the Franks 257, Italy by Alemannia and Suevi (but defeated at Milan) 257

·          Aurelian defeats Marcomannia and Alemannia and rebuilds the Wall of Rome 271§

·          Emperors: Aurelian overthrowns kingdom of Palmyra 273, succeeded by Marcus Aurelius Probus 276-282, Marcus Aurelius Carus 282-283, Diocletian 284-305ª

·          Romans take Alemania from the Persians 297ª

 

·          Silkworms arrive from Korea in China, and subsequently in Japon 200§

·          Building of the Baths of Caracalla in Rome 212-217§

·          Diophantus of Alexandria produces the first book on algebra 250 §

·          Rome celebrates its millenium in 248

·          Persecution of Christians increases; martyrs are being revered as saints 250

·          China uses the first form of compass 271§

·          Crucifixion of Mani the founder of the Manichaean sect in Persia 276§

·          The beginning of the construction of the amphitheater of Verona 290§

·          Christianity introduced in Armenia 300§

·          The beginning of the construction of the palace of Diocletian in Ragusa 300§

 

The Third century was definitely marked by the conquer of a variety cities and lands and the ascension of a panoply of emperors to power.  Christianity was spread throughout Armenia.

 

Time Line

(CE)

Events

Political

Science, Social & Religious

301-400

·          Diocletian abdicates in the East, Maximian in the west; their empires go to Constantinus Chlorus§

·          Emperor Constantius Chlorus 1  305-306ª

·          Emperor Constantine issued Edict of Milan; Christian free to worship 313©

·          Chandragupta crowned fist Gupta emperor of northern India 320§

·          The Roman empire was moved to Constantinople 331§

·          After the death of Constantine II, Rome  split into two empires with Constant in the West and his brother Constantius in the East 340 (“The Rome Crisis) ©

·          The Persians regained Armenia from Rome 350§

·          The Hunts invaded Russia 376

·          Battle of Adrianople; Germanic invasion into Roman Empire begun 378 ©

·          Emperor Magnus Maximus crosses Channel and conquers Gaul and Spain 383§

·          Roman Empire divided into Eastern and Western Empire 395 ©

·          Alaric invades Greece, Athens and the Balkans respectively in 396, 398§

·          The last persecution of Christian in Rome 303-311

·          Erection of First church of the Nativity, Bethlehem 352, but destroyed by fire in 529§

·          The Jews improved their calendar by introducing different lengths of years 338

·          Christianity entered in Abyssina 350§

·          Foundation of Schola Cantorum for church song, Rome 350§

·          Foundation of Constantinople   as a new capital on site of old Greek colony of Byzantium 330

·          Fortification built in London 350

·          Theodosius Forbids THE OLYMPIC GAMES§

The Roman Empire was getting weaker and weaker while the Persians were marching on Armenia.  The greatest city of the world was founded and the pattern and structure of the Olympic Game were designed.  At the same time Christians were persecuted in Rome, Armenia was introduced to Christianity and the church of nativity was built in Bethlehem.  Armenia was definitely the country the most moving country through that century. 

[1] From 306 to 337, Constantine The Great ruled Rome as he succeeded his father.  Constantine reunited the two empires under Rome, and become sole emperor.  Baptized on his deathbed, his was succeeded by his three sons Constantine II, Constantius II and Constans.  Constantine II killed in the battle of Aquileia, fighting his brother Constans in 340 CE.  (Timetables of history, 1975, p.28)

 

Time Line

(CE)

Events

Political

Science, Social & Religious

401-500

·          Last Roman Emperor in the West is assassinated©

·          Emperor Theodosius II 408-450ª

·          Roman Legions withdraw from Britain to protect Italy 410 §

·          Aetiusn chief minister of Valentinian III, becomes the virtual ruler of Western Roman Empire

·          Atilla in 433 become ruler of the Huns 4536§

·          Skandagupta, Emperor of India 455-467 §

·          Last Wester Roman Emperors: Severus 461-465, Athemius 467, Alybrius 473, Glycerius 474, Julius Nepos 475, Romulus Augustulus 476 ª

·          Justinian II, The Great, Byzantine Emperor

·          Ch’i dynasty in Southern China 479-502

 

·          Saint Augustine, “The City of God”2 ª

·          Codex Theodosianus; Summary of Roman Law 439§

·          Galla Placidia erects her famous Mausoleun at Ravenna 446

·          Founding of Constantinople University 425

·          Nanking becomes once again the capital of northern China 420

·          Venice founded by refugees from Attila’s Huns 452

·          Tamo brings tea from India to China

Assassination, betrayal and “power talking” were the pylons of the fifth century.  Faith and Christianity were taught differently when Saint Augustine published his work:”The city of God”.  A new era of thoughts was erected as the University of Constantinople was founded.

 

Time Line

(CE)

Events

Political

Science, Social & Religious

501-600

·          The Marcomanni, a German tribe in Bohemia, invade Bavaria (500); on their departure the Czechs settle in Bohemia

·          Wu-Ti, Emperor of China

·          Wu-Ti becomes a Buddhist and introduces the new religion to Central China 517§

·          Justin I became Byzantine Emperor 518

·          The Franks overthrown the kingdom of Burgundy Belisarius saves the throne for Justinian by putting down the Nika revolt.  Constantinople destroyed during the Nika revolt but shortly rebuilt. ¨

·          War between Persia and the Byzantine Empire until 591.

·          Accession of Yan Ch’ien to the throne of China and the foundation of the Sui dynasty (-618)

 

·          Formation of Marriage ¨

·          Pope Stmmachus d. succeeded by Pope Hormisda (-523)

·          The church of Nativity Bethlehem being rebuilt

·          Justinian replaces Codex Vetus by Codex Repeitae Praelectionis

·          Mohammed, founder of Islam¨

·          Building of the Temple of four Heavenly Kings

·          First authenticated record of decimal reckoning in India

·          Book printed in China¨

·          Benedict of Nursia,  535-540

Destruction of the greatest city of the world “Constantinople” The Library of Alexandria, the world source of knowledge was burned down.  Fire became a new tool of perturbation.

 

Time Line

(CE)

Events

Political

Science, Social & Religious

601-700

·          Byzantine Emperor Maurice Killed by Phocas, his successor 610§

·          Phocas, Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, deposed and killed; succeeded ny Heraclius (-641), who inaugurates the dynasty of the Heraclians§

·          Double attack on the Avars and Persians on Constantinople repelled by emperor Heraclius Narasimhavarman I, King of southern India of the Pallava dynasty

·          Mohammed 570 Medina becomes the seat of the first Caliph, Abu Berkr, who succeeded his son-in-law Mohammed

·          Rise of the Feudal nobility in Japan2

·          The Arabs under Omar destroyed the Persian Empire.  The caliphs rule the country until 1258, Islam replaced the religion of Zoroaster. §

·          Byzantine fleet recaptures Alexandria 647§

·          Emperor Leontius deposed by Tiberius III 698

·          Mohammed begin to dictate the Koran 625§

·          Fatima, Mohammed’s youngest daughter and mother of hassan and hussein, founder of the house of Fatimids .  Buddhist becomes state religion of Tibet while christianization enters the East of Anglia

·          Prime of the first surgical developments in India with bladder, peristalsis and plastic operations.

2. Anglo-Saxon civilization advances with the introduction of christianity.  In the Frankish Empire the differentiation between the Fr. and the Ger. Languages appears Rothari, King of the Lombards.  (The Timetables of History, p. 58)

 

Time Line

(CE)

Events

Political

Science, Social & Religious

701-800

·          Empress Wou-Hou succeeds to Chin. Throne but is forced to adbicate 405

·          Justinian II becomes once more Byzantine Emperor (up to 711) ©

·          Justinian II murdered by Philip Bardanes, who as Emperor Philippicus ascends Byzantine throne 711

·          The Moslem empire extends from the Pyrenees to China, with Damascus as its capital 715

·          Charles Martel’s vicory over the Arabs in the Battle of Tours and Poitiers stems the tide of their westward advance 732

·          Pope Stephen III journeys to Pepin to ask for protection from theLombards; Pepin helps with a large army and helps in creating the Papal states

·          The emperor Constantine V begins dissolution of monasteries 754

·          Tibetan army invaded china.  Franksih royal court at Aix-la-Chapelle.  The Byzantine emperor Constantine imprisons his mother Irene for her cruelty§

·          Revolts in Egypt

·          The Byzantine Empress Irene overthrows her son Constantine, blinds him, assumes sole power, and reportedly proposes to marry Charlemagne (the Greek church canonized her) 797§

·          Abbasid  dynasty, high point of classical Islamic civilization 750-1258©

·          Buddhist monasteries in Japan become centers of civilization.  Justinian II, the first to kiss the pope’s foot, confirms the privileges of the Roman see 710§

·          Pope Constantine opposes the emperor on the question of the Monothelite heresy§

·          Sygar planted in Egypt§

·          Abu Masa Dshaffar, famous Arab chemist who supposedly invented sulfuric acid, nitric acid, aqua regia, and nitrate of silver 720§

·           Casa Grande, an Indian fort and large irrigation works in Arizona 725

·          Earthquake in Asia Minor 740

·          Euclid’s elements translated into Arabic

·          The great Arab scientist Jabir begins his chemical studies, as distinct from alchemy 782§

 

Time Line

(CE)

Events

Political

Science, Social & Religious

801-900

·          Charlemagne crowned fist Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III at Rome, Dec 25, 800

·          Caliph Mamun invades Egypt 839§

·          The ARABS sack Rome and damage the Vatican.  Venetian Fleet destroyed by Arabs 846§

·          The two sons of the Emperor Buntoku wrestle for their father’s throne, the victor Koreshito becoming ruler of Japan 858 §

·          The Russian Northmen attack Constantinople.   Ethelbert I, king of England, d. succeeded by Ethelred 865-871§

·          Basil I, Byzantine Emperor begins the Macedonian dynasty and the compilation of the Basilian code 867§

·          The Arabs conquer the whole of Sicily from Byzantium and make Palermo the capital.  AT the same timeframe, King Alfred recaptures London fron the Danes and defeats them at Edington: Treaty of Chippenham 878§

·          The Emperor Basil reconquers Italy from the Arabs.  Treaty of Ribemont: Charles III cedes Lorraine to Louis III

·          Alfred The Great establishes a regular militia and navy, extends the power of the king’s courts, and institutes fairs and markets 899§

·          War between Bulgarians and Saracens 895§

·          Beginning of the Christian reconquest of Spain under Alfonso III, the Great of Castile 900§

·          Pope Leo III separates from the Eastern empire and becomes supreme bishop of the west.  Charlemagne reforms the church and adopts at the Synod of Aix-la-Chapelle the “Filioque” 800

·          The city of Picchu in Peru rediscovers

·          Persian scientist and mathematician Muhammed Ibn Musa al Chwarazmi writes a book on equations and coins the term “Algebra”§

·          Arabs take over Indian nurerals, including zero, to multiply by ten

·          Vivian bible, one of the earliest illustrated manuscripts, written in Tours 845

·          The Arabian goatherd Kaldi credited with the discovery of coffee 845§

·          Earliest known attempts at polyphonic music

·          Iceland discovered by the Northem

·          First Church built on the site of of Cologne Cathedral

·          The Pope and the patriarch of Constantinople excommunicate each other 879§

 

Time Line

(CE)

Events

Political

Science, Social & Religious

901-1000

·          According to Bernard Grun3  The Mayas relinquish their settlements in the lowlands of Mexico and emigrate to the Yucatan peninsula 900§

·          Constantinople the first city of the world, its commercial and cultural center

·          Egypt invaded from Tunisia by Fatimid armies Berengar of Italy crowned emperor 915

·          Russian fleet attack on Constantinople replused The Danes in England make war on Edmund I.  Berengar refugee at the court of Otto I§

·          Europe in the Dark Ages.  The Lapps enter Norway, while Bohemia becomes tributary to Otto I (who marries Adelheid, daughter of Rudolph II, king of Burgundy) 951Russian ravage eastern Bulgaria in 968.  Latter on, in 972, Eastern Slaves Tribes in Russia unified.

·          Bohemia & Moravia united.  At the same timeframe, Emperor Otto III makes Rome his permanent residence

·          Bulgarian church separated from Rome and Constantinople 917§

·          Founding of the hospice of St. Bernard at St. Bernard’s Pass, Switzerland§

·          Founding of Cairo University

·          Vladimir of Kiev marries Anne, sister of the Emperor Basil II, and introduces the Eastern form of Christianity into his dominion 988§

·          Mention of several abortive attempts to fly or float in air

3. The Timetables of History, 1975, p. 104

 

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

§= Timetables of History, ¨= Sources, ©= Past & Present, ª= history of ancient world

 

 

1.                  Grun, Bernard:  The Timetables of History.  Simon & Schuster, New York, 1975, SBN 671-21682-1

 

2.                  Palmira, Brummett [et al]: Civilization Past & Present.  9th Ed., Vol. I-TO 1650, Longman 2000, ISBN 0-321-00531-7

 

3.                  Starr, Chester G.:  A History of the Ancient World.  Oxford University Press, New York 1965 [ISBN not mentioned.  Medgar Evers College Code:  D 59, S75 c.2

 

4.                  Mark, A. Kishlansky:  Sources of World History: Reading for World Civilization.  West/Wadsworth, ITP. 1999, ISBN 0-534-56034-2